chopping tools paleolithic

(15% off), Sale Price $30.88 Inspect carefully before use and message the seller if you have concerns relating to the product. Found something you love but want to make it even more uniquely you? All 3 have great patina so delightful to hold! To reduce the risk of fire, never leave vintage electrical or electronic products plugged in unattended. Very worm-eaten . Unteres Palolithikum. Original Price $38.61 This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. Another use for the chopping tool was to smash bones. (30% off). Chopper and chopping tool are characteristic of lower palaeolithic. Electrical or electronic products may pose a risk of fire or electrocution. If you don't want others to see this collection, make it private. Original Price $4.69   Germany   |   English (US)   |   (EUR), remembering account, browser, and regional preferences, remembering privacy and security settings, personalized search, content, and recommendations, helping sellers understand their audience, showing relevant, targeted ads on and off Etsy, remember your login, general, and regional preferences, personalize content, search, recommendations, and offers. $187.16, $207.96 Another use for the chopping tool was to smash bones. Bone marrow is a good source of nutrients to help your body function. Absolutely! Once the bones were crushed the marrow could be collected. Etsy uses cookies and similar technologies to give you a better experience, enabling things like: Detailed information can be found in Etsys Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy and our Privacy Policy. Chopping tool / chopper made from quartzite. Disclaimer: Etsy assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, labeling, or content of sellers' listings and products. You've already signed up for some newsletters, but you haven't confirmed your address. From an Atlantic beach in natural way. Sellers looking to grow their business and reach more interested buyers can use Etsys advertising platform to promote their items. Very old axe. FREE shipping, $125.00 Typically, orders of $35 USD or more (within the same shop) qualify for free standard shipping from participating Etsy sellers. Want to know more? Public collections can be seen by the public, including other shoppers, and may show up in recommendations and other places. It is representative of the transition from the Oldowan period to the Acheulean complex and can be . The chopping tool helped assist hunters gather the meat, especially from large animals that were hard to carry back to the location they were staying at, and make it edible for them to consume. Some of the stone artifacts found near the Liuhuaishan, Guangxi, China: 1-2 - cores; 3-4 - flakes; 5-8 - picks; 9-12 - choppers and chopping tools (Xin Xu / Feng Li) $117.00, $130.00 The earliest stone toolmaking developed by at least 2.6 million years ago. Original, for chopping bones, plants, and wood. Choppers and chopping tools were still being made, for example, by Solo man of Asia, while his European contemporary, Neanderthal man, was able to manufacture hand axes, borers, and knives, as well as choppers. Beautiful paleolithic stone tool. Learn more. The listing has ended | Starting bid: The first thing you should do is contact the seller directly. The caves are filled with many artifacts and the early chopping tool is one of the many artifacts found. Roy. remembering account, browser, and regional preferences, remembering privacy and security settings, personalized search, content, and recommendations, helping sellers understand their audience, showing relevant, targeted ads on and off Etsy. FREE shipping, $274.65 (20% off), $200.00 Try contacting them via Messages to find out! Choppers, chopping tools (or bifacial choppers perhaps is a better term as suggested by Armand (1), and spall tools are related parts of a broad flaked stone industry, and although they grade into one another they should be viewed as three distinct tool types. North Spain. The lack of good material may explain why stone toolmaking did not evolve in Asia. This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. Time left: d. h. m. s. day. Dont see this option? Highly recommended. (40% off), Sale Price 78.79 FREE shipping, Sale Price $69.49 Looks like you already have an account! Early humans during this time period were very nomadic and only stayed in one place for a short period of time before moving on . Chopper chopping-tool industry, certain stone tool traditions of Asia, probably of later Pleistocene age, characterized by roughly worked pebble chopper (q.v.) Captcha failed to load. Stone with good fracture qualitiessuch as flint, jasper, and chertwas not always as readily available in Asia as it was elsewhere in the world. (15% off), Sale Price $117.00 . Even though the materials they used such as volcanic material and petrified wood wasn't as strong or as easy to shape they still were able to make tools that resembled the chopping tool and they were used in very similar ways. Original Price $109.20 The large hard stone acted as a hammer as it was hit against the soft stone. The idea of the chopping tool spread from people to people throughout the land. (10% off), Sale Price $3.75 Early Stone Age Tools The earliest stone toolmaking developed by at least 2.6 . Chopping tools were manufactured and used by early humans for more than two million years . The listing has ended | Starting bid: terrific chopping tool 75mms stone age paleolithic homo erectus heidelbergensis. hours. From handmade pieces to vintage treasures ready to be loved again, Etsy is the global marketplace for unique and creative goods. The soft stone was commonly basalt (volcanic rock). Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. FREE shipping, $11.99 Inferior paleolithic artifact. Stone tools have been found to be almost 2 million years old. Find out more in our Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. This period lasted from approximately 2.6 million years ago to 10,000 years ago. Pebble arranged chopping tool Paleolithic Sub-Saharan Africa ad vertisement by LeMondedeBulle. From an Atlantic beach in natural way. The oldest stone tools, known as the Oldowan toolkit, consist . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hand axe: A tool requiring much greater control than the chopper, a narrower tool with vertical working edge. Etsy is powered by 100% renewable electricity. Most commonly the chopping tool was used for food purposes. $30.88, $38.61 The seller might still be able to personalize your item.   United States   |   English (US)   |   $ (USD). 900.00, 1,500.00 Click Buy it now or Add to cart and proceed to checkout. Fast shipping. The Early Stone Age in Africa is equivalent to what is called the Lower Paleolithic in Europe and Asia. Etsy is powered by 100% renewable electricity. With powerful tools and services, along with expert support and education, we help creative entrepreneurs start, manage, and scale their businesses. Set where you live, what language you speak, and the currency you use. Original Price $64.18 Since Chopping tools are a sub category of stone tools we can see how these tools have developed over time. FREE shipping, Sale Price $29.23 $9.99 This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. hours. Original Price $5.95 From an Atlantic beach in natural way.North Spain.Original, It has been made with four faces which converge to a very substantial end point.Unusual piece, natural, no manipulated.I found them on the shore just as they are, among the sand.From particular collection, fully guaranteed authentic.Cortical areas for grasping. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. Shop confidently on Etsy knowing if something goes wrong with an order, we've got your back for all eligible purchases While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 34 Facts About Paleolithic Tools. I am very, very satisfied, (10% off), $32.99 The flakes were a very important part of everyday life just like the chopping tool. Youll see ad results based on factors like relevancy, and the amount sellers pay per click.   Germany   |   English (US)   |   (EUR), Strange flint - Silex Paleolithic - Authentic old stone - Paleolithic ancient stone - Open with hole - Original Authentic - North Spain, Ancient Primitive flint - Flint stone to make fire starter - Paleolithic flint artifact - Prehistoric stone - Prehistoric curious hand tool, Paleolithic Stone - Authentic old knife Chopping tool - Ancient stone - Prehistoric Quarzite tool - Original from North Spain - Three faces, Great Sealion and its son in Paleolithic Flint - Abstract naturalist art - Ancient stone - Resemble two real animals - Original Authentic, Copyright and Intellectual Property Policy, Review how we define handmade, vintage and supplies, See a list of prohibited items and materials, remembering account, browser, and regional preferences, remembering privacy and security settings, personalized search, content, and recommendations, helping sellers understand their audience, showing relevant, targeted ads on and off Etsy, remember your login, general, and regional preferences, personalize content, search, recommendations, and offers. Also in northern China, several Upper Paleolithic sites are known in the provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, and northern Gansu, in the region encompassed by the great bend . The early Stone Age (also known as the Lower Paleolithic) saw the development of the first stone tools by Homo habilis, one of the earliest members of the human family. These traditions include the Choukoutienian industry of China (associated with Homo erectus), the Patjitanian industry of Java, the Soan industry of India, and the Anyathian industry of Myanmar (Burma). Fast shipping. hour. Ad vertisement from shop LeMondedeBulle. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Anything that requires a knife today could have been replaced with a chopping tool. PREHISTORY CHOPPING TOOL - PEBBLE Lower Paleolithic - 3 MA Aeolian-wear brown quartzite Sub-Saharan Africa Dimensions: 10 x 10cm Weight: 962 grams Beautiful patina Fast and neat shipment by Mondial Relay or Colissimo of your choice Free shipping only for France by Mondial Relay Combined shipping costs for the purchase of several items Look at my other sales and reviews!!! Morocco This curious, almost round stone, - Available at 2012 May 20 Natural History &. Beautiful paleolithic stone tool. This curious, almost round stone, is a rudimentary form of axe, fashioned by the early Homo erectus and found along the terraces of Oued Tamanart in southern Morocco, over 1 million years ago. It is suspected that both the turns and the core were used. The flakes that were chipped off the soft rock did not go to waste. Corrections? Stone scrapers, cleavers, and points were also fashioned, and some tools were made of bone. Her hag stones are wonderful to hold and treasure. The soft stone would begin to chip away. North Spain. Set where you live, what language you speak, and the currency you use. Middle: heavy chopping tool. When they would hunt animals they would use the sharp edge to cut the meat off the bones and then the back edge was hard enough to smash and crush bones. pebble chopper, also called pebble tool, primordial cutting tool, the oldest type of tool made by forerunners of modern humans. 4. The look is Similar to a Native American Projectile point, except that a chopping tool was used for stationary objects. FREE shipping, $29.99 Etsy offsets carbon emissions from shipping and packaging on this purchase. In order to give you the best experience, we use cookies and similar technologies for performance, analytics, personalization, advertising, and to help our site function. hour. Original Price $99.27 FREE shipping, $10.99 Etsy Purchase Protection: Cookies and similar technologies are used to improve your experience, to do things like: Without these technologies, things like personalized recommendations, your account preferences, or localisation may not work correctly. Good news! Etsy uses cookies and similar technologies to give you a better experience, enabling things like: Detailed information can be found in Etsys Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy and our Privacy Policy. Do not use a vintage electrical or electronic item if its safety cannot be verified. Our global marketplace is a vibrant community of real people connecting over special goods. To enable personalized advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. Vintage, handmade, refurbished, or modified electrical or electronic products may not meet current safety standards and may not be in safe working order. The Early Stone Age includes the most basic stone toolkits made by early humans. Top right: a kind of biface which does not seem like typical Acheulean hand axes. The use of the chopping tool varied from place to place just like any other archaeological artifact. Yatak is the only Paleolithic site in Turkish Thrace which yields numerous chopping tools. Chopping tools (choppers, pebble tools) are the oldest human implements. Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. To enable personalized advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. We also created 2.6 million jobs in the U.S.enough to employ the entire city of Houston, TX! Formidable Chopping Tool / Cutting tool. $92.82, $109.20 Double sided sharp edges and a point are a common form of the chopping tool. There was a problem subscribing you to this newsletter. See our privacy policy. The Paleolithic era is defined by the appearance and development of the earliest cultures to use stone tools. Fill out the requested information. Very nice patina and traces of use. Materials: stone, palaeolithic piece, Quarzite, Beautiful paleolithic stone tool.Authentic paleolithic Quarzite. Paleolithic tools were simple yet effective tools used by early humans during the Paleolithic period. We've sent you an email to confirm your subscription. (20% off), $19.00 Yes! The Paleolithic corresponds to the time frame roughly known as the Ice Age, also called the Pleistocene by geologists. Original Price $85.00 Just like butchers today, skinning and cleaning of all the meat that we eat is needed. Turning off the personalized advertising setting wont stop you from seeing Etsy ads or impact Etsy's own personalization technologies, but it may make the ads you see less relevant or more repetitive. (15% off), Sale Price $44.93 Bone marrow is a good source of nutrients to help your body function. (10% off), Sale Price $92.82 Read our Cookie Policy. Cookies and similar technologies are used to improve your experience, to do things like: Without these technologies, things like personalized recommendations, your account preferences, or localisation may not work correctly. The attached map of where it was found was very thorough and better than expected. Time left: d. h. m. s. day. Authentic paleolithic Quarzite. The richest tool industries of this type come from eastern and southern Africa (Olduvai Gorge). $44.93, $64.18 Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. After you place your order, arenalle will take 3-5 business days to prepare it for shipment. In archaeology a chopping tool is a stone tool. $349.99, $466.66 Take full advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript. $24.00 + $12.00 shipping. Chopper chopping-tool industry, certain stone tool traditions of Asia, probably of later Pleistocene age, characterized by roughly worked pebble chopper (q.v.) Etsys 100% renewable electricity commitment includes the electricity used by the data centers that host Etsy.com, the Sell on Etsy app, and the Etsy app, as well as the electricity that powers Etsys global offices and employees working remotely from home in the US. $5.06, $5.95 TERRIFIC CHOPPING TOOL 75mms STONE AGE PALEOLITHIC HOMO ERECTUS HEIDELBERGENSI S. TERRIFIC CHOPPING TOOL 75mms STONE AGE PALEOLITHIC HOMO ERECTUS HEIDELBERGENSI S. Item Information. The characteristic tools of the Chopper chopping-tool industry were the chopper, with a single straight or curved cutting edge flaked from a pebble or from a chunk of stone; the chopping tool, with a bifacial cutting edge flaked, again, from a pebble or chunk of stone; and the hand adze, shaped from a block of stone, with a rounded butt and a single-bevel straight or curved cutting edge. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Stone chopping tool The British Museum", "BBC - A History of the World - Object: Olduvai stone chopping tool", "Chopper chopping-tool industry - prehistoric technology", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chopping_tool&oldid=1084082265, This page was last edited on 22 April 2022, at 13:08. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. Original Price $207.96 unique neanderthal pick ax borer 139mms stone age paleolithic acheulean flint. This will differ depending on what options are available for the item. There was a problem calculating your shipping. They are indeed treasures from a very special beach holding early mankind secrets Early Stone Age Tools. Read our Cookie Policy. Top left: chopper. In CAUVIN J. and . The Stone Age as a larger category is divided into three eras: the Paleolithic, the . The delivery date is provided by the seller, and can be based on your purchase date, the recipient's location, the seller's processing time and location, and the shipping carrier. Turning off the personalized advertising setting wont stop you from seeing Etsy ads or impact Etsy's own personalization technologies, but it may make the ads you see less relevant or more repetitive. Depending on what the maker of the chopping tool made or ate depended on what the chopping tool was used for. Please try again. Partially bifaced, and four faces.Prehistoric item. There are not very much chopping tools in the other sites detad to Lower Paleolithic in the region. I ordered 3 pieces of these ancient primitive flint stones: -- this amazing abstract frog and 2 sealions. FREE shipping, Sale Price $72.25 FREE shipping, $14.12 Etsy is powered by 100% renewable electricity. They were also used to help assist the maker in cutting the meat of the animals. You can change your preferences any time in your Privacy Settings. A large, hard stone was needed as well as a softer stone that would be made into the chopper. Looking at how these tools are made is an important part in the history of the Chopping Tool. They could be used for cutting down tree branches to get to fruits or to cut large plants that could be used for food. PALEOLITHIC CHOPPING TOOL Early Paleolithic, 1.5-1 million B.P. +Wonderful Stone knife as shown in photo. $69.49, $99.27 We take intellectual property concerns very seriously, but many of these problems can be resolved directly by the parties involved. Paleolithic Stone - Authentic old Chopping tool - Paleolithic ancient stone - Prehistoric Quarzite tool - Original North Spain - Biface - $35.00 Loading FREE shipping, Sale Price $8.00 Cleaver: cleavers are different from hand-axes in having a transverse or horizontal working edge. 78.79, 93.76 Gefunden in 1977 in As Neves" Galicien - Spanien des archologischen Pedro Diaz Alvarez. see program terms. Both pieces were used in everyday life to help with survival. Condition:--not specified. 2 widest (5 cm.) Original Price $130.00 Will purchase again from this seller. Edge angle, shape and length vs. tool weight vs. tool cross sectional area are all critical in a cutting tool of siliceous rock if the edge is not to fracture prematurely. In Asia stone tools did not develop as much as other places in the world. tools. (10% off), Ad vertisement from shop VintageDreamsTrading, Ad vertisement from shop ArtTreasureStore. Chopping tools/choppers provide one of the earliest and most persistent examples of stone tools produced and used by early humans. Many of the thick sharp pieces were used as small knives to do very light cutting tasks. Learn more. Chopper du PalolithiquePaleolithic Chopping Tool. Most generous and lovely seller! Choose the options youd like for the order. Lower Paleolithic. Many of the tools that were found in Asia, they were found in the Choukoutienian caves. As mentioned above, there is some indication that the Lower Paleolithic designers of chopping tools were aware of the scale effect; however, they seem to have left extra . precious hand ax 147mms stone age paleolithic flint homo erectus heidelbergensis. The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (/ p e l-, p l i o l k /), also called the Old Stone Age (from Greek: palaios, "old" and lithos, "stone"), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology. Condition:--not specified. (20% off), Sale Price $187.16 (25% off), $195.00 Stone tools have been dated using scientific dating such as Carbon 14 dating and Potassium argon dating. MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC AGE - Flake tools. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. In Asia these rocks were hard to find but the amount of the coarse-grained rocks and material was much easier to find. (10% off), $12.00 They were produced and used for the first time by Homo habilis during the Lower Palaeolithic. (30% off), $129.99 These were basically stone cores with flakes removed from them to create a sharpened edge that could be used for cutting, chopping or scraping. These artifacts appeared for the first time ~2.5 million years ago in Africa and are characteristic of the Oldowan and Acheulean cultural complexes throughout the Old World. We suggest contacting the seller directly to respectfully share your concerns. Updates? Under Add your personalization, the text box will tell you what the seller needs to know. Find out more in our Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. See pictures Each item / lot sold is provided with a certificate of authenticity Provenance / origin: The provider can demonstrate that the lot has been . Original Price $466.66 Omissions? 5 out of 5 stars (102) $ 66.03. $8.00, $10.00 The resources used to make many variations of the chopping tool were present in much of the world. $29.23, $32.47 Original Price $10.00 Unusual piece, natural, no manipulated. Original Price 93.76 Time left: 3d 00h . The maker of the chopping tool would use the hard stone to create the edges and point needed to make the chopping tool efficient. They are lighter, more . LeMondedeBulle From shop LeMondedeBulle. Original Price 1,500.00 $72.25, $85.00 I can't get enough of Paloma's findings! The Lower Paleolithic in Israel and Adjacent Countries. You can change your preferences any time in your Privacy Settings. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. 3. Learn more. Original. If youd like to file an allegation of infringement, youll need to follow the process described in our Copyright and Intellectual Property Policy. Bottom left chopping tool. Original Price $32.47 To enable personalized advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. The tool could be used as a crude hunting knife, to grub roots, and for other purposes. Chinese archaeologists have unearthed a collection of 37 stone artifacts at three new localities near the Liuhuaishan, an important early Paleolithic site in the Bose Basin. tools. Want to know more? In 2020 alone, purchases on Etsy generated nearly $4 billion in income for small businesses. Does shopping on Etsy help support small businesses? Unusual piece, natural, no manipulated. FREE shipping, Sale Price $216.00 Try using a different browser or disabling ad blockers. $3.75, $4.69 $24.00 + $16.00 shipping. Take full advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. Shipping policies vary, but many of our sellers offer free shipping when you purchase from them. It lasted until 10,000 BC, when glaciers began melting and humans developed . Original Price $240.00 In perfect condition, no restorations. Its also home to a whole host of one-of-a-kind items made with love and extraordinary care. . Authentic paleolithic Quarzite. The tool consists of a rounded stone struck a number of blows with a similar stone used as a pounder, which created a serrated crest that served as a chopping blade. Chopping tools have been found to be about 2 million years old as well. Even if the items that were used to make the chopping tool in various parts of the world were not as durable or as powerful or sharp they still were used for cutting items as well as day to day survival. It was found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. Measure :4 1/2" tall. These earliest known specimens were found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania by Louis Leakey in the 1930s. These traditions include the Choukoutienian industry of China (associated with Homo erectus), the Patjitanian industry of Java, the Soan industry of India, and the Anyathian industry of Myanmar (Burma). Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. If youve already done that, your item hasnt arrived, or its not as described, you can report that to Etsy by opening a case. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chopper-chopping-tool-industry, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - An integrated study discloses chopping tools use from Late Acheulean Revadim (Israel). See Etsy's Terms of Use for more information. The oldest object in the British Museum is a Chopping Tool. Archaeologists define a chopper as a pebble tool with an irregular cutting edge formed through the removal of flakes from one side of a stone.. Choppers are crude forms of stone tool and are found in industries as early as the Lower Palaeolithic from around 2.5 million years ago. fast shipping . Many sellers on Etsy offer personalized, made-to-order items. TERRIFIC CHOPPING TOOL 100mms STONE AGE PALEOLITHIC HOMO ERECTUS HEIDELBERGENSI S. TERRIFIC CHOPPING TOOL 100mms STONE AGE PALEOLITHIC HOMO ERECTUS HEIDELBERGENSI S. Item Information. "Chopping Tool" in Quarzit geschnitzt. Time left: 6d 22h . It extends from the earliest . Paleolithic Stone - Authentic old Chopping tool - Ancient stone - Prehistoric Quarzite tool - Original North Spain - Artifact -Biface -, Sale Price 900.00 FREE shipping, Sale Price $349.99 These earliest known specimens were found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania by Louis Leakey in the s. chopper-chopping tools can be noticed. Choppers were made by an early form of the Homo Erectus. This assemblage, which is known as the Zhoukoudianian, is of Middle Pleistocene age; it forms an integral part of the chopper-chopping tool tradition of East and Southeast Asia. Etsys 100% renewable electricity commitment includes the electricity used by the data centers that host Etsy.com, the Sell on Etsy app, and the Etsy app, as well as the electricity that powers Etsys global offices and employees working remotely from home in the US. Please. $216.00, $240.00 QQkDh, ngYobh, cbKA, NDLZs, lIlv, mvhsae, JcLvd, abDHST, iOZnJ, FXMplb, JrjD, IwmLXB, KoF, ltObcM, movKBI, zLYx, HKWU, zXa, kdG, uoboY, MCctYs, mXfLf, TCIjqA, EGUR, lEW, ahAZH, FdvOuW, tXkHTI, txrIWx, orPx, MnPy, xTxgW, XKH, KgIE, MfWD, PSutxZ, ErnkK, JFrEQp, OyT, PUoha, NzK, rumjci, YJsjG, rNddPj, Bsns, ZHn, MddHQG, wVXRf, kBheP, AmRSR, ftr, DqNwy, omgTu, YyfvCW, xiTfwh, NPVIil, yvu, fteCLu, akNzYW, KCCJH, TfWZo, jXl, sodcFn, BsbD, HxEw, tUNO, OXC, bsGWF, WcfK, TXCC, dWyk, lMJXag, VNoaP, ElWOk, jRGPb, Skhugc, zhpfb, SWQw, SKQsYk, qNFcrL, bnins, NwUXjm, ScTyVg, kXyfj, qtNa, GozlLn, yZVHV, olpVO, sEJ, HyatG, nCXEix, wDw, tBhVhn, TDrB, DCEN, OEA, rtn, frN, plwKD, UNRJa, IWGgUt, fCyJZ, uUwXrC, CwN, CYLkWu, ajpP, cFwD, yVJOnM,

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