For backward compatibility reasons, array_key_exists() will also return true if key is a property defined within an object given as array. Real life application: This will seem obvious to some, but if you need to preserve a duplicate key, being you have unique vars, you can switch the array_combine around, to where the vars are the keys, and this will output correctly. [prefix] u - will do comparison with user defined function. Given an array of numbers, arrange them in a way that yields the largest value. W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Example: array_udiff_uassoc, array_uintersect_assoc. -2 means start at the second last element of the array. Specifies an array: start: Required. This function does that, and returns an array of the appropriate keys to get to said (first) value occurrence. callback. . The array. array. I was wondering if caching the the methods in an array would have a faster lookup. If not, array elements get dropped. Note: . ; array: value: strict: offset. array_column (PHP 5 >= 5.5.0, PHP 7, PHP 8) array_column Supplementary variable list of array arguments to run through the callback function. A simple example: I decide to mix an array of 10 entries to retrieve 3 values. The array. This works with duplicate values in the array too. array() ?> (see. Example: array_udiff_uassoc, array_uintersect_assoc. A simple example: I decide to mix an array of 10 entries to retrieve 3 values. The value is cast as usual for array keys (however, prior to PHP 8.0.0, objects supporting conversion to string were also allowed). FYI, remember that strict mode is something that might save you hours. If only array is provided, array_map() will return the input array.. array. array_keys() offset array . Note: This function will reset() the array pointer of the input array after use. This behaviour is deprecated as of PHP 7.4.0, and removed as of PHP 8.0.0. Example: array_diff, array_intersect. Numeric value. needle. The optional second parameter flags may be used to modify the sorting behavior using these values: . The array. This function does not generate cryptographically secure values, and must not be used for cryptographic purposes, or purposes that require returned values to be unguessable.. . I was trying to use array_search to retrieve all the values that match a given needle, but it turns out only the first match key is returned. I recently had to flip an array and group the elements by value, this snippet will do that: I needed a function that would take keys from one unequal array and combine them with the values of another. array_combine() returns NULL instrad of FALSE, when non-array parameters are given (issuing warning). Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the PHP in_array() function to check if a value exists in an array.. Introduction to the PHP in_array() function. ndice. This little one liner can pretty much edit ANY kind of non-associative array. This is a very useful combination if you want to re-use a search string url, but also slightly modify it: The searched value. Flag determining what arguments are sent to callback: . Since I was doing for() for a lot of things, but only replacing it if the conditions were right, I wound up with off ball arrays I couldn't access. offset. If the input arrays have the same string keys, then the later value for that key will overwrite the previous one. Parameters. data. The callback function to use If no callback is supplied, all empty entries of array will be removed. I was trying to figure out how to normalize an array with numerical keys. If this value is set to a negative number, the function will start that far from the last element. If data is an object, then only public properties will be incorporated into the result.. numeric_prefix. This also works with array sort functions: array_values() - array_combine() - array_key_exists() - array_search() - If needle is a string, the comparison is done in a case-sensitive manner.. haystack. array_column (PHP 5 >= 5.5.0, PHP 7, PHP 8) array_column strict. To change the type of a variable, see the settype() function. Human Language and Character Encoding Support. If data is an array, it may be a simple one-dimensional structure, or an array of arrays (which in turn may contain other arrays).. Specifies where the function will start removing elements. Supplementary variable list of array arguments to run through the callback function. See empty() for how PHP defines empty in this case.. mode. To check whether a property exists in an object, property_exists() should be used. strict true array_search() haystack haystack needle This function does not generate cryptographically secure values, and must not be used for cryptographic purposes, or purposes that require returned values to be unguessable.. array_keys() returns the keys, numeric and string, from the array. haystack. Returns the current element in an array: each() Deprecated from PHP 7.2. I was skeptical about this approach, so I generated a random array of about 5000 keys in the range of 0-100,000, and ran through the array from 0-100,000. Parameters. array. I'm not sure how to go about making it recursive, but I didn't need that feature for my own, so I just went without recursion. If only array is provided, array_map() will return the input array.. array. Parameters. To check whether a property exists in an object, property_exists() should be used. For simple use cases, the random_int() and random_bytes() [prefix] u - will do comparison with user defined function. Here's a function I needed to collapse an array, in my case from a database query. If data is an object, then only public properties will be incorporated into the result.. numeric_prefix. // more elements in $a than $b but we don't want to pad either. Example: array_diff, array_intersect. array_combine Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values. method_exists() - Checks if the class method exists is_callable() - Verify that a value can be called as a function from the current scope. The array to iterate over callback. Return Values. Return Values. [Editor's note: For a complete solution to the printing of complex structures or hashes, see the PEAR::Var_Dump package: "
". If the input arrays have the same string keys, then the later value for that key will overwrite the previous one. In my experience, when I find myself running array_diff() on larger arrays (50+ k/v/pairs) I almost always realize that I'm working the problem from the wrong angle. For backward compatibility reasons, array_key_exists() will also return true if key is a property defined within an object given as array. (or even a string that looks like a number), //very fast lookup, this beats any other kind of search. array . Numeric value. If only array is provided, array_map() will return the input array.. array. array_change_key_case Modifica a caixa de todas as chaves em um array; array_chunk Divide um array em pedaos; array_column Retorna os valores de uma coluna do array informado; array_combine Cria um array usando um array para chaves e outro para valores; array_count_values Conta todos os valores de um array; 0 = the first element. The value is cast as usual for array keys (however, prior to PHP 8.0.0, objects supporting conversion to string were also allowed). To check whether a property exists in an object, property_exists() should be used. strict. Note: This function will reset() the array pointer of the input array after use. See empty() for how PHP defines empty in this case.. mode. I needed to read CSV files into associative arrays with column headers as keys. array_search() haystack offset array_keys() - Return all the keys or a subset of the keys of an array array_combine() - Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values add a note If needle is a string, the comparison is done in a case-sensitive manner.. haystack. get_defined_functions() - Returns an array of all defined functions // returns the index of needle in haystack, // n is only needed if counting depth of search, // get the indexed element to compare to the passed element and branch accordingly, // return current index - (length of lower half - found index in lower half), // return current position + found index in upper half. Given an array of numbers, arrange them in a way that yields the largest value. ndice. length: Optional. Heres the syntax of the in_array() function: array. () , filter_value keys and values does not Prior to PHP 8.0.0, a string needle will match an array value of 0 in non-strict mode, and vice versa. It generates a 500k-member array of arrays and searches through it for a value in the last member. All numerical array keys will be modified to start counting from zero while literal keys won't be affected. This may seem intuitive, especially given the documentation says an array is returned, but I needed to sanity test to be sure: # array_keys() also return the key if it's boolean but the boolean will return as 1 or 0. If the input arrays have the same string keys, then the later value for that key will overwrite the previous one. Consider when your array consists of floats: Here a way to manage no uniqueness keys case. If needle is a string, the comparison is done in a case-sensitive manner.. haystack. To change the type of a variable, see the settype() function. If this value is set to a negative number, the function will start that far from the last element. This is a very useful combination if you want to re-use a search string url, but also slightly modify it: Array of keys to be used. Just remember to use the optional array output parameter. For example, if the given numbers are {54, 546, 548, 60}, the arrangement 6054854654 gives the largest value. array_keys() returns the keys, numeric and string, from the array. Could go in several places. To force a variable to be evaluated as a certain type, see the section on Type casting . Specifies where the function will start removing elements. ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY - pass key as the only argument to callback instead of the value offset array . Illegal values for key will be The callback function to use If no callback is supplied, all empty entries of array will be removed. This is needed to use things like array_intersect_key. As of PHP 5, you can do the exact opposite with http_build_query(). An array to run through the callback function.. arrays. . A callable to run for each element in each array.. null can be passed as a value to callback to perform a zip operation on multiple arrays. needle. Parameters. data. The searched value. If a filter_value is specified, then only the keys for that value are returned. Example: array_udiff_uassoc, array_uintersect_assoc. Example #1 A simple array_combine() example, Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values. This nuance cost me a lot of time and sanity, so I hope this helps someone. May be an array or object containing properties. array. The overhead associated with calling a function makes it slower, than using isset($array[$key]), instead of array_key_exists($key, $array). To force a variable to be evaluated as a certain type, see the section on Type casting . array: Required. get_defined_functions() - Returns an array of all defined functions I was looking for a function that deletes either integer keys or string keys (needed for my caching). I wrote a script to test the performance of a few of the answers. See Also. search_value , Parameters. Beware when using array_search to a mix of string and integer where prefixes of keys may collide, as in my case I have encountered the following situation: Despite PHP's amazing assortment of array functions and juggling maneuvers, I found myself needing a way to get the FULL array key mapping to a specific value. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, a E_WARNING was emitted instead. array_change_key_case Modifica a caixa de todas as chaves em um array; array_chunk Divide um array em pedaos; array_column Retorna os valores de uma coluna do array informado; array_combine Cria um array usando um array para chaves e outro para valores; array_count_values Conta todos os valores de um array; If data is an array, it may be a simple one-dimensional structure, or an array of arrays (which in turn may contain other arrays).. Otherwise, all the keys from the array are returned. length: Optional. So I ran a very simple benchmark using xdebug_time_index() with 10000 iterations on each statement. Consider the following array: might be worth noting in the docs that not all associative (string) keys are a like, output of the follow bit of code demonstrates - might be a handy introduction to automatic typecasting in php for some people (and save a few headaches): 'how php sees this array: array("0"=>"0","1"=>"1","" =>"2"," "=>"3")'. -2 means start at the second last element of the array. For simple use cases, the random_int() and random_bytes() A callable to run for each element in each array.. null can be passed as a value to callback to perform a zip operation on multiple arrays. The searched value. Just remember to use the optional array output parameter. Took me a while to figure it out. If needle is a string, the comparison is done in a case-sensitive manner.. haystack. For backward compatibility reasons, array_key_exists() will also return true if key is a property defined within an object given as array. As of PHP 5, you can do the exact opposite with http_build_query(). Parameters. All the cool notes are gone from the site. array_change_key_case Modifica a caixa de todas as chaves em um array; array_chunk Divide um array em pedaos; array_column Retorna os valores de uma coluna do array informado; array_combine Cria um array usando um array para chaves e outro para valores; array_count_values Conta todos os valores de um array; offset array . If the third parameter strict is set to true then the in_array() function will also check the types of the needle in the haystack.. array_rand takes a random value without ever being able to go back in its choice of random value. I wrote a script to test the performance of a few of the answers. About searcing in multi-dimentional arrays; two notes on "xfoxawy at gmail dot com"; If you are using the result of array_search in a condition statement, make sure you use the === operator instead of == to test whether or not it found a match. It generates a 500k-member array of arrays and searches through it for a value in the last member. This function will extract keys from a multidimensional array. The optional second parameter flags may be used to modify the sorting behavior using these values: . strict true array_search() haystack haystack needle To expand on previous comments, here are some examples of, //PROBLEM: the first array returns a key of 0 and IF treats it as FALSE, //PROBLEM: works on numeric keys of the first array but fails on the second, //PROBLEM: using the above in the wrong order causes $i to always equal 1, //PROBLEM: explicit with no extra brackets causes $i to always equal 1, //YES: works on both arrays returning their keys. Caution. I was wondering if caching the the methods in an array would have a faster lookup. Caution. : . If needle is a string, the comparison is done in a case-sensitive manner.. haystack. Specifies an array: start: Required. The column to use as the index/keys for the returned array. === 0 = the first element. The in_array() function returns true if a value exists in an array. array. It will return empty if get NULL value as key. Parameters. offset callback. array_rand takes a random value without ever being able to go back in its choice of random value. Parameters. strict. It takes an array that contains key-value pairs and returns an array where they are actually the key and value. '$v = (count($v) == 1)? ; array: value: strict: I wrote a script to test the performance of a few of the answers. array: Required. If the third parameter strict is set to true then the in_array() function will also check the types of the needle in the haystack.. : . It returns the resulting array. And if the given numbers are {1, 34, 3, 98, 9, 76, 45, 4}, then the arrangement 998764543431 gives the largest value. The searched value. needle. Returns true if value is an array, false otherwise. This is a very useful combination if you want to re-use a search string url, but also slightly modify it: The column to use as the index/keys for the returned array. The array. This value may be the integer key of the column, or it may be the string key name. array: Required. Returns true if value is an array, false otherwise. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. Specifies an array: start: Required. method_exists() - Checks if the class method exists is_callable() - Verify that a value can be called as a function from the current scope. The array you are using as keys must have all unique values. offset array offset . Examples. To change the type of a variable, see the settype() function. It's important to note that array_diff() is NOT a fast or memory-efficient function on larger arrays. #array_search_match($needle, $haystack) returns all the keys of the values that match $needle in $haystack. regarding the speed of oneill's solution to insert a value into a non-associative array, I've done some tests and I found that it behaves well if you have a small array and more insertions, but for a huge array and a little insersions I sugest using this function: The searched value. strict. // fewer elements in the first array, add extra keys. Parameters. Sorting type flags: SORT_REGULAR - compare items normally (don't change types); SORT_NUMERIC - compare items numerically; SORT_STRING - compare items as strings; SORT_LOCALE_STRING - compare items as The optional second parameter flags may be used to modify the sorting behavior using these values: . Flag determining what arguments are sent to callback: . haystack. Here's how to get the first key, the last key, the first value or the last value of a (hash) array without explicitly copying nor altering the original array: Keys from multi dimensional array to simple array. It's important to note that array_diff() is NOT a fast or memory-efficient function on larger arrays. Note: . Supplementary variable list of array arguments to run through the callback function. Returns the last key of array if the array is not empty; null otherwise. This function does not generate cryptographically secure values, and must not be used for cryptographic purposes, or purposes that require returned values to be unguessable.. Since 5.4 STRICT standards dictate that you cannot wrap array_keys in a function like array_shift that attempts to reference the array. Sorting type flags: SORT_REGULAR - compare items normally (don't change types); SORT_NUMERIC - compare items numerically; SORT_STRING - compare items as strings; SORT_LOCALE_STRING - compare items as If, however, the arrays contain numeric keys, the later value will not overwrite the original value, but will be appended. The output is an array. array_keys() - Return all the keys or a subset of the keys of an array array_combine() - Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values add a note Note: When a value needs to be interpreted as a different type, the value itself does not change types. keys array as keys and the values from the // $a = array("foo" => "FOO", "bar" => "BAR", "baz" => "BAZ"); // or. This value may be the integer key of the column, or it may be the string key name. Heres the syntax of the in_array() function: All numerical array keys will be modified to start counting from zero while literal keys won't be affected. Creates an array by using the values from the keys array as keys and the values from the values array as the corresponding values. Parameters. Parameters. ndice. Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the PHP in_array() function to check if a value exists in an array.. Introduction to the PHP in_array() function. The callback function to use If no callback is supplied, all empty entries of array will be removed. The in_array() function returns true if a value exists in an array. Example of a recursive binary search that returns the index rather than boolean. callback. The input array. Note: . NOTE: my lookup $array has a full map of numbers and characters - upper and lower - to do an simple faux encryption with. : . Examples. . W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. It is worth noting that array_keys does not maintain the data-type of the keys when mapping them to a new array. The in_array() function returns true if a value exists in an array. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. If data is an object, then only public properties will be incorporated into the result.. numeric_prefix. Creates an array by using the values from the keys array as keys and the values from the values array as the corresponding values. offset. It generates a 500k-member array of arrays and searches through it for a value in the last member. Letter u can be used twice in some functions (like array_udiff_uassoc), this means that you have to use 2 functions (one for value, one for index). method_exists() - Checks if the class method exists is_callable() - Verify that a value can be called as a function from the current scope. array. Returns the last key of array if the array is not empty; null otherwise. I had an epiphany when try to handle NON-ASSOCIATIVE array forms in my controller. Parameters. W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. If, however, the arrays contain numeric keys, the later value will not overwrite the original value, but will be appended. Creates an array by using the values from the keys array as keys and the values from the values array as the corresponding values. If cryptographically secure randomness is required, the Random\Randomizer may be used with the Random\Engine\Secure engine. false false May be an array or object containing properties. array. Note: When a value needs to be interpreted as a different type, the value itself does not change types. offset array offset . strict. Note: . regarding the speed of oneill's solution to insert a value into a non-associative array, I've done some tests and I found that it behaves well if you have a small array and more insertions, but for a huge array and a little insersions I sugest using this function: -2 means start at the second last element of the array. As of PHP 8.0.0, a ValueError is thrown if the number of elements in array_keys() array If a filter_value is specified, then only the keys for that value are returned. . array_pop($v): $v;', array_combine() has a strange bug/misfeature (as of PHP 5.3.2): There is no logical reason for = 5.5.0, PHP 7, PHP 8) array_column An array to run through the callback function.. arrays. This behaviour is deprecated as of PHP 7.4.0, and removed as of PHP 8.0.0. I built this little function, which works just like array_search, but returns all the keys that match a given needle instead. If, however, the arrays contain numeric keys, the later value will not overwrite the original value, but will be appended. . for searching case insensitive better this: It's really important to check the return value is not false! If needle is a string, the comparison is done in a case-sensitive manner.. haystack. array. The searched value. . array_keys() - Return all the keys or a subset of the keys of an array array_combine() - Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values add a note array_search It's important to note that array_diff() is NOT a fast or memory-efficient function on larger arrays. needle . There's a lot of multidimensional array_keys function out there, but each of them only merges all the keys in one flat array. For example, if the given numbers are {54, 546, 548, 60}, the arrangement 6054854654 gives the largest value. Given an array of numbers, arrange them in a way that yields the largest value. Returns true if value is an array, false otherwise. If data is an array, it may be a simple one-dimensional structure, or an array of arrays (which in turn may contain other arrays).. See empty() for how PHP defines empty in this case.. mode. /* Checking if arrays are on the same model (array('INDEX'=> array()) or array()) */, 'Function array_combine_array() expects all parameters to be same type array or array of array', /* Checking the model of arrays, array('INDEX' => array()) or Array() */, /* If empty $Keys is given, we fill an empty array */, /* Cycling on each keys values, making an offset for each */, /* Making the array with auto-made index */, /* Associative index, associative subarray indexes */, /* Associative index, auto-made subarray indexes */, /* Auto-made index, associative subarray indexes */. haystack. array_shift() shifts the first value of the array off and returns it, shortening the array by one element and moving everything down. If two keys are the same, the second one prevails. array_shift() shifts the first value of the array off and returns it, shortening the array by one element and moving everything down. An alternative to RQuadling at GMail dot com's array_remove() function: /* A Function created by myself for checking multiple array keys, I was looking for a function that simply unset a variable amout of values from a one-dimensional array by key. Human Language and Character Encoding Support, http://pear.php.net/package-info.php?pacid=103, http://sandbox.onlinephpfunctions.com/code/24b5fddf14b635f1e37db69a7edffc2cbbed55e1, http://sandbox.onlinephpfunctions.com/code/f695e8f81e906b4f062b66cf9b3b83b6b620464c. converted to string. Otherwise, all the keys from the array are returned. array_keys() returns the keys, numeric and string, from the array. Returns the current element in an array: each() Deprecated from PHP 7.2. // how many fields are we missing at the end of the second array? Otherwise, searching through an array with numeric indicies will result in index 0 always getting evaluated as false/null. . Heres the syntax of the in_array() function: It returns the resulting array. For example, if the given numbers are {54, 546, 548, 60}, the arrangement 6054854654 gives the largest value. array_values() - array_combine() - array_key_exists() - array_search() - If cryptographically secure randomness is required, the Random\Randomizer may be used with the Random\Engine\Secure engine. Parameters. Letter u can be used twice in some functions (like array_udiff_uassoc), this means that you have to use 2 functions (one for value, one for index). If the third parameter strict is set to true then the in_array() function will also check the types of the needle in the haystack.. Specifies where the function will start removing elements. // If they are not of same size, here is solution: I was looking for a function that could combine an array to multiple one, for my MySQL GROUP_CONCAT() query, so I made this function. Otherwise, all the keys from the array are returned. It returns the resulting array. As of PHP 5, you can do the exact opposite with http_build_query(). haystack needle , needle I ended up with this (returns the array itself if no further parameter than the array is given, false with no params - does not change the source array), Note, that using array_key_exists() is rather inefficient. Note: . ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY - pass key as the only argument to callback instead of the value For example this one just returns an array of values inputed by a new user. array_rand takes a random value without ever being able to go back in its choice of random value. match. The array to iterate over callback. Caution. 0 = the first element. regarding the speed of oneill's solution to insert a value into a non-associative array, I've done some tests and I found that it behaves well if you have a small array and more insertions, but for a huge array and a little insersions I sugest using this function: flags. This behaviour is deprecated as of PHP 7.4.0, and removed as of PHP 8.0.0. For simple use cases, the random_int() and random_bytes() The column to use as the index/keys for the returned array. Parameters. array_values() - array_combine() - array_key_exists() - array_search() - It's worth noting that if you have keys that are long integer, such as '329462291595', they will be considered as such on a 64bits system, but will be of type string on a 32 bits system. See Also. This also works with array sort functions: strict true array_search() haystack haystack needle Sorting type flags: SORT_REGULAR - compare items normally (don't change types); SORT_NUMERIC - compare items numerically; SORT_STRING - compare items as strings; SORT_LOCALE_STRING - compare items as needle . Numeric value. Parameters. All numerical array keys will be modified to start counting from zero while literal keys won't be affected. Numeric value. This also works with array sort functions: If you only know a part of a value in an array and want to know the complete value, you can use the following function: one thing to be very aware of is that array_search() will fail if the needle is a string and the array itself contains values that are mixture of numbers and strings. Return Values. If cryptographically secure randomness is required, the Random\Randomizer may be used with the Random\Engine\Secure engine. Function eliminates the error Throws E_WARNING if the number of elements in keys and values does not match. Parameters. . It should be noted that the inverse function to keys (which converts keys to values) is array_count_values (which converts values to keys). This created an issue with in_array and doing a lookup on characters from a string. The array. Examples. And if the given numbers are {1, 34, 3, 98, 9, 76, 45, 4}, then the arrangement 998764543431 gives the largest value. needle. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, a string needle will match an array value of 0 in non-strict mode, and vice versa. I used array_search() to determine the index of an value to unset this value and then realized that $arr[false] === $arr[0] ! See Also. I was skeptical about this approach, so I generated a random array of about 5000 keys in the range of 0-100,000, and ran through the array from 0-100,000. Numeric value. And if the given numbers are {1, 34, 3, 98, 9, 76, 45, 4}, then the arrangement 998764543431 gives the largest value. , strict true Note: . strict. Creates an array by using the values from the [prefix] u - will do comparison with user defined function. needle. strict. If a filter_value is specified, then only the keys for that value are returned. In case you don't know what I'm talking about, here's an example: // infamous abacabb mortal kombat code :-P, // infinite loop, regardless of the unset. values array as the corresponding values. Flag determining what arguments are sent to callback: . Note: . Then I ran into a problem when you have empty columns at the end of a row because array_combine returns false if both arrays don't have the same number of elements. offset array offset . Just remember to use the optional array output parameter. data. ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY - pass key as the only argument to callback instead of the value array. So I ran a very simple benchmark using xdebug_time_index() with 10000 iterations on each statement. needle. needle. Returns the last key of array if the array is not empty; null otherwise. strict. Note: . length: Optional. Note: This function will reset() the array pointer of the input array after use. Khaly's PHP4 code below does not work correctly in all cases. Note: When a value needs to be interpreted as a different type, the value itself does not change types. Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the PHP in_array() function to check if a value exists in an array.. Introduction to the PHP in_array() function. If this value is set to a negative number, the function will start that far from the last element. Example: array_diff, array_intersect. array_combine(array(), array()) ?> throwing a warning and returning FALSE, instead of returning value associations of an array with the given search-value: A variation of previous searches that returns an array of keys that match the given value: Human Language and Character Encoding Support. flags. . array_shift() shifts the first value of the array off and returns it, shortening the array by one element and moving everything down. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, a string needle will match an array value of 0 in non-strict mode, and vice versa. Numeric value. This function based on quecoder at gmail's combine_arr() below allowed me to pad either array or not when parsing my CSVs to arrays. 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