ethnic group definition geography

In this precolonialperiod, cultures emerged and mixed as peoples moved about and invadedeach other's lands. During the 1970s Ugandan leader Idi AMIN DADA took advantageof these sharp divisions by explaining his government's failures asthe treachery of one ethnic group after another. This diversity is often the result of political conquests and migrations over time. Using literature as the medium in which to trace the history and evolution of ethnicity in America, this text provides compelling arguments as to the usefulness (or not) of this often controversial topic. Ex: Hitler's annexation of all German-speaking areas in the 1930s. When full assimilation is complete, there is no distinguishable difference between the formerly different groups. Ethnicity. In Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Most of the new countries in Asia were relatively homogeneous, but the majority of those in sub-Saharan Africa were composed of many relatively small ethnic groups whose members spoke different languages. When they fail, individuals may tryto move into more favored groups by changing their dress, language, orname. In this case, it is language, religion, ancestral origin and, to a lesser extent, race that comprise this ethnic category. Peach, Ceri. the distribution of ethnic groups across space, on economic, political and social outcomes, are not well understood. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Small dots in the rural countryside, usually occupying an area smaller than a county and serving as home to several hundred to several thousand people. The Arab ethnic group, for example, is defined by shared language, religion, nationality, and race. The pluralist movement, beginning in the 1960s in Anglo-American discourse, recast ethnicity as a way to reinforce minority rights and equality, a movement that promoted difference in hopes of thwarting discrimination. Peoplewho speak Arabic consider themselves Arabs. A nationality that is not represented by a state. To begin, Hiebert 2009 and Williams 1985 each offer generalized descriptions and a history of the word ethnicity, and demonstrate how the meaning of this word evolved over the past few centuries. Often used in a multi-ethnic state such as the USA or India. The government used ethnicity to justify its creation of ethnichomelands for black people. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. The nextlevel may be a somewhat broader idea of identity, perhaps a sense ofbeing from a particular district. Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards. A Nupe was anyoneconsidered a subject by the Nupe ruler. Ethnic identity tends to emerge most strongly when different groupsinteract and compete for power or resources. people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} SS( A ) is 10%, SS( B ) is 10%, and SS( AB ) is 50% of SS(Total). Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965, ending with the Civil Rights Act. Ethnicity Overview & Characteristics | What is an Ethnic Group? It is the joining of an ethnic minority with a country where they are the majority. Ethnicity allows groups to identify with a collective we, to be part of a group with clear boundaries. What are the major things that make you feel as though you belong in a certain group? Since the end of apartheid in the 1990s, South Africa has had a continuingdebate about ethnic identity. The governmentencourages the use of SWAHILI, the coastal language, as the nationaltongue, and people often identify themselves as belonging to severalethnic groups. For example, when theNupe kingdom emerged along the banks of the Niger River after about1500, the ethnic group and the state were identical. Within geography, the study of ethnicity permeates through a number of subdisciplines that include cultural, social, historical, economic, political, and urban geography, and the work of geographers emphasizes the spatial nature of ethnicity at multiple scalesfrom the nation to the bodyfocusing on individual and group place attachment. Ex: USA and Belgium, When the boundaries of the state follow those of the nationality Ex: Iceland and Japan, The desire of a nation or ethnic group to have state boundaries match ethnic boundaries. Individuals use the name of their small group locally,but in national or political matters they often identify with the moreinfluential Kalenjinthe group to which Kenya's president, Daniel arapMOI, belongs. Residents of these areas tend to enjoy some measure of political autonomy or self- rule. A nationalist movement intended to reclaim and reoccupy a "lost" or "unredeemed" area based on national, ethnic, or historical basis. A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments, giving local regions more autonomy. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/ethnic-group, ethnic group - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Townspeople learn to communicate in a common language,and they share the common experiences of urban life. The link was not copied. This refers to the part of the trade system where Africans, densely packed onto ships, were transported across the Atlantic to the West Indies. The colonial powers divided the peoples of UGANDA, KENYA, andTANZANIA into separate tribes, usually ignoring the complex relationsof marriage and trade between regions and peoples. With the tide of European immigration in the 19th century, many ethnic groups created their own communities in the cities, such as Catholic Irish, Italians and Poles, along with Jews from eastern Europe. By the early 1960s, the success of independencemovements in the various colonies had caused most Europeans to leave. Study this lesson on ethnic groups, then use what you've learned to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In NAMIBIA, for example, the years since independence havebrought a number of ethnic claims for the recognition of rights to ancestrallands or kingdoms as well as a continuing public debate about howto reconcile these claims with national unity. An ethnic group is a social group or category of the population that is set apart from other groups in a society. ). Depending on many factors, ethnicity (people belonging to ethnic groups) can be a cause of rivalry, hostility, and discrimination. Before the colonial era, most African stateswere multiethnic, that is, they usually had one dominant ethnic group,several other groups, several languages, and a shared culture. Please note: Text within images is not translated, some features may not work properly after translation, and the translation may not accurately convey the intended meaning. Finally, there are some ethnicities that are built around a shared history, ancestry, and relationship with those around them. Africa's tapestry of hundreds of ethnic groups is woven of manystrands. Ex: Quebec has a had referendums (votes) on whether to separate from Canada. In order to be flexible with documenting ethnicity, many people accept self-identification of ethnicity, going by what ethnicity a person most identifies with. Ethnic groups tend to compete,striving to improve their positions. geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. A society divided into different ethnicgroups does not necessarily produce equal groups with the sameamounts of power and status. The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government. and religions. ethnic group, a social group or category of the population that, in a larger society, is set apart and bound together by common ties of race, language, nationality, or culture. Ethnic diversity is one form of the social complexity found in most contemporary societies. Choose a language from the menu above to view a computer-translated version of this page. One of the most notable long-term solutions has been that of Switzerland, where the three major ethnic groups are concentrated in separate cantons, each enjoying a large measure of local control within a democratic federation. Together, the peoplein an ethnic group shape their ethnic identitythe sense of belongingto the group and sharing in its culture. Updates? But many peoplehave complex ties to rural cultures as well. In early modern times the English, for example, forced the peoples of Wales, Scotland, and Ireland to assimilate to English culture. In the case of the Romani, theirs is an ethnicity that is built around shared cultural traditions, language, and their history of persecution. A large territory, urban or rural, dominated by or closely associated with a single ethnic group. The first ethnic group to establish cultural norms in an area. Ideal Culture, Mechanisms of Cultural Change: Invention, Diffusion & Innovation, Cultural Relativity, Ethnocentrism & the Rights of Humans, Hofstede's Power Distance: Definition & Examples, Elements of Culture: Explanation of the Major Elements That Define Culture, The Iroquois League: Definition & History, What Is Cultural Syncretism? But although Tanzania's ethnic divisions are not as deepas those of Uganda and Kenya, economic tensions tend to highlightsmall differences. Sudan is a diverse and divided country. Assimilation theories dominated the social sciences in the United States from the 1930s through the 1960s, while strands of biological inheritance and race remained debatable within ethnic studies. A more common approach to ethnic diversity is assimilation. Williams, Raymond. Over the course of their histories, these societiesmight be known by several ethnic names as they passed from localorganization to state control and back again when the state lost power. Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those available to European Americans; sometimes they did not exist at all. Many people who opposed apartheidand supported African nationalism rejected this approach as racist. Hiebert, Daniel. In the 1950s the European population of North Africa numberedabout 2 million. Many of the towns of central Africa began as settlements created bycolonial authorities to meet the needs of government and industry. ethnic group - people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture ethnos group, grouping - any number of entities (members) considered as a unit ethnic Conflict among ethnic groups lies at the root of many civil wars inAfricasometimes on a horrifying scale, such as the genocidal violencethat flared in RWANDA in the mid-1990s. The question of how to balance ethnic and national identity will likelyremain a central issue of political life throughout the African continent. When the central government relinquishes power and autonomy to local and regional governments, which happens at the expense of the central government. This has made their ethnicity a very important aspect of their identity, as it is one of the main reasons that they have been marginalized. In the south, the majority of people are black Africans who followeither traditional religions or Christianity. The voyage took three to four months and, during this time, the enslaved people mostly lay chained in rows on the floor of the hold or on shelves that ran around the inside of the ships' hulls. The term is usually used to refer to either a residential area or a workspace with a high concentration of ethnic firms. In southern Africa duringcolonial times, many indigenous groups were united in their oppositionto foreign rule and tended to overlook their own differences. Ex: France and China. The term ethnicities is more broadly defined as large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or Elements of common culture can include language, religion, laws, customs, institutions, dress, music, crafts, architecture, and even food. Inancient times, the Egyptians knew the land of NUBIA as a source of richgold mines. ethnic cleansing, the attempt to create ethnically homogeneous geographic areas through the deportation or forcible displacement of persons belonging to particular ethnic groups. Christian missionaries reinforced this colonial concept as they choselocal languages for education and Bible translation and created a structurefor the churches' own administrative units. Ethnic cleansing sometimes involves the removal of all physical vestiges of the targeted group through the destruction of monuments, cemeteries, and houses of worship. Definition. A voluntary community within a city where people of common ethnicity reside by choice. Instead of growing food, many African Americans were forced tby landowners to plant cash crops, like cotton. For many Africans, ethnic identity is highly complex and hasmultiple layers. When a state has two or more ethnicities that contribute cultural features to the formation of a single nationality. Term. However, culture is a powerful force, and the fact that ethnic identitywas largely invented does not make it a less real part of society. "Separate but equal" remained standard doctrine in U.S. law until its repudiation in the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education. Although most of the members of this larger group donot know each other, they may see themselves as having more in commonwith each other than with people of other ethnic groups. The Berbers were the ancient inhabitants ofNorth Africa. For example, Yugoslavia. As one of the largest ethnic groups, these individuals share the Arabic languages, are largely Muslim, and practice many of the same traditions. But even these boundaries between people wereblurred. Lesley has taught American and World History at the university level for the past seven years. This tragedy continues to be felt throughout the region. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2010. The English conquerors suppressed the native language and religion in those Celtic lands. Example: Ethnicity takes into account a person's heritage and ancestral roots. Ethnicity. In The Dictionary of Human Geography. Other distinctions existed as well. Omissions? In them, individuals learn to operate in the wider society. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/ethnic+group. According to this view, British andDutch colonists used ethnicity to make black Africans easier to divide,control, and put to work in diamond mines and other white-ownedindustries. But both public policy and public opinion also contributed to American assimilation. Summary. In the United States, for example, much of the population would likely be referred to as ethnically European because their ancestral roots are in one of many European countries. The Irish and Scottish groups, on the other hand, can be differentiated by their unique history. In ethnic conflict research, the terms ethnic group, communal group, ethnic community, people, and minority are mostly used interchangeably. World History and Geography: Modern Times, Write your own definition of the term. Ability of a nation or state to have control of its internal affairs. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons Fenton, Steve. They have adopted Islam and claim Arabancestry. Social Geography: New Religions and EthnoburbsContrasts with Cultural Geography. Progress in Human Geography 26.2 (2002): 252260. Both the Nuer and the Dinka of southern Sudan call themselves bynames that mean people. The general term for many of the peoples ofeastern Africa is BANTU, which is a family of languages but also meanspeople.. Rather, the conflicts are the legacy of the colonial era,which invented artificial categories, broke up relations among societies,and fostered resentment and competition among ethnic groups. Such a conflict is usually not about ethnic differences themselves but rather political, economic, social, cultural, or territorial matters. Two elements provide the basis to identify A compilation of essays from a number of prominent philosophers, theorists, and social scientists covering topics that form many of the important topics within ethnic studies. Definition: Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. What caused the Framers to give Congress the power to coin money and make it legal tender? A group of people who share a common race, religion, language, or other characteristic. Whether imposed from outside or claimed asone's own, ethnicity divides people into categories. It might be useful to explore some of the more well established ethnic groups to shed some light on the different elements used to define them. Beginning in the 1980s, a number of scholars adopted strands of postmodern, post-structural, and postcolonial thought in developing new ways of looking at the concept of ethnicity. This practice wasno more accurate or effective in central Africa than in other regions. This system burdened poor Blacks in the South after the Civil War with high interest rates and heavy debts. Application: An this page. Later, groups from Latin America and Asia replaced the Europeans. Ethnic groups are drawn to these communities because they provide isolated community where their culture can flourish. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Following this article is the Ethnic Groupsand Peoples chart, which summarizes information about 100 of thelargest or most important ethnic groups in Africa. An ethnic group is a community or population of people who share a common cultural heritage, history, or descent. Ethnic groups are populations that feel connected by a complex mix of kinship, culture, history, and geography. Even so, Arab geographers made distinctions between Arab andAfrican regions, which they called white countries and black countries. The country'slargest non-Arab population group is probably the Dinka, who livealong the southern Nile. Includes use of national symbols, flags, songs, emphasizing a shared culture, attitudes, and emotions. This cemented the rulers' right to rule (since they were the most highly developed race of humans) and drove a wedge between groups such as poor whites and blacks that might otherwise have There could be up to more than six hundred enslaved people on each ship. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. The effects of ethnic geography, i.e. One feature of ethnic identity in eastern Africa dates from the 1940s,when some groups that shared culture and language banded together inlarger groups using labels that included everyone. For example, the Chaga, who live in the foothills ofMount Kilimanjaro, have enjoyed success in farming and business. The landscape includes many bilingual signs of Inuktitut (Inuit language) and English. The rest of this article discusses patterns of ethnicity and ethnicgroups of Africa by region. This body of law institutionalized a number of economic, educational, and social disadvantages. Ethnic Cleansing History & Examples | What is Ethnic Cleansing? Initially encapsulating essentialized notions of place attachment (territoriality) stemming from social Darwinism and environmental determinism, the meaning and use of ethnicity evolved into more of a socially constructed concept, replacing the politically loaded and controversial term race following the Second World War. a community or population of people who share a common cultural heritage, history, or descent. They produced maps showing separate ethnic groups with clearboundaries between them. It left a lasting mark onAfrica and changed relations between ethnic groups. An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background ethnic substrate regional cultural distinctiveness that remains following the assimilation of an ethnic homeland A group identified on the basis of religion, color or national origin A group who share a common identity. We develop a The trend toward mega-ethnic groups appears to becontinuing. There are many different ethnic groups and cultures around the world, many of which are built around different aspects of a shared culture. Politicians and ethnic leaderswith varying interests have tried various approaches, including sponsoringethnic festivals and associations, working to define the historiesand folklore of ethnic groups, and calling for the return of traditionalleadership. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. By continuing to use this site, you consent to the terms of our cookie policy, which can be found in our. Many Central Africans regard ethnicity as the most important factorin politics, and they tend to view any disturbance as an ethnic conflict. It is includes a sense of national consciousness that exalts one nation over another and emphasizes its culture and interests. Indigenous People Culture & Movements | Who are Indigenous People? Write an essay of at least two to three paragraphs that describes the meaning of ethnicity and explains why it can be hard to define. Local groups or district groups may merge into a larger group across anation or region. Segregation of public (state-sponsored) schools was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education, although in some cases it took years for this decision to be acted on. Ethnic groups are populations that feel connected by a complexmix of kinship, culture, history, and geography. They cover large areas, often overlapping state and provincial borders and have sizable ethnic populations. Sollors, Werner. Some of the ethnic groups in Europe are as follows:Indo-EuropeanTurkicFinno-UgricCaucasianBasqueSemiticMongolic Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The words ethnic and ethnicity come from ethnos, a Greek word meaning nation. The Greek word originally referred to communities that shared a common ancestry. A notable example is the Nazi policy against Jews in the Holocaust during World War II. The previous example illustrates how difficult it is to define or identify a person's ethnicity, which is why many demographers and government institutions use broad categories. The word tribalismrefers to this way of thinking of society along ethnic lines. Ethnocentrism. Berbers are divided into a number of smallerethnic groups. Until the 20th century ethnic diversity posed no great problems for empires. Many ethnic groups have been driven out of their homelands or have dispersed to pursue greater opportunities elsewhere. Others still feel that ethnicity is anexpression of earlier racist policies and only serves the interests of theruling classwhether black or white. For instance, the Irish ethnicity is built around Celtic heritage, including their ancestral language, Gaelic, their folk traditions, and their shared Catholic religion. Rather, theybelonged to chains or networks of societies with many shifting connections. Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section, Indigenous Peoples and the Global Indigenous Movement. Within anthropology, for example, Jenkins 1997 explains why anthropologists were at first less inclined to include ethnicity in their writing, yet in contemporary work they have more readily adopted the conceptalthough not necessarily in a positive way. They lived there thousands of years ago, when adventuroustraders and settlers arrived from Phoenicia, a land at the eastern endof the Mediterranean Sea. Suppose a belief in the superiority of ones own ethnic group. This text is an overview of the anthropological perspective of ethnicity, and of the primary controversies that surround the concept. Afterward they came into conflict. However, many othergroups also make North Africa their home, and the population of SUDANis especially diverse. The term "ethnic neighbourhoods" is typically applied by the broader national culture of a country to certain urban spaces where cultural traits of a distinct ethnic minority culture are evident. Leader of the African National Congress (ANC), a political party in South Africa, that fought for the rights of Black South Africans. Canada has granted the Inuits sizable autonomy over the region. When France and Great Britain explored and colonized westernAfrica, their missionaries, administrators, and social scientists looked forfixed ethnic categories. Ex: United Kingdom, A nation that transcends the borders of two or more states Ex: Kurds (Kurdistan), The Koreas. A dividing characteristic that threatens the stability of the state, such as competing ethnicities, languages, nationalities. Some strands can be traced back to the centuries beforeEuropeans conquered Africa and ruled it as colonies. Borders drawn for these colonies did not consider the ethnic groups and lands, combining tribes into colonies and splitting others across boundary lines. Itignored the flexible, changeable, and evolving nature of ethnic identity. Ethnic identity in Africa is asrichly diverse as its people, and for most Africans it plays a central rolein politics and social life. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D. In this case, these individuals could accurately be categorized as being of Celtic ethnicity, which also includes the Welsh, but that doesn't mean they're the same. A identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country. 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As a result, artificial differences arose between relatedpeoples. Ethnicity. In Rwanda the dominant Hutu waged a gruesomegenocidal campaign of violence against the minority Tutsi in the mid-1990s. First published 2003. In ZAMBIA this process has given rise to mega-ethnicgroups such as the Bemba. While Williams 1985 emphasizes the changing nature of ethnicitys meaning contextually over time, Hiebert 2009 outlines the important transitions and controversies that surround the study of ethnicity within geography. In sociology, an ethnic enclave is a geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity. Geographic Methods: Life Writing Analysis, Geographic Vulnerability to Climate Change, Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI), GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Geomorphology, Marine Conservation and Fisheries Management, Music, Sound, and Auditory Culture, Geographies of, Photographic and Video Methods in Geography. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, society, culture, nation, religion, or social treatment within their residing area. $$ Britannica does not review the converted text. Definition of ethnic province in geography? Example: You could use columns for different characteristics of your chosen ethnicity (i.e., art, literature, and music; customs, food, language, religion, etc.). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Example: Ethnicity can be defined in both broad and specific terms. succeed. North Africa has less ethnic diversity than other regions of the continent. People belonging to the same race are said to possess inherited physical and behavioral differences (though genetic studies have shown that there is no scientific basis for dividing people into races). An error occurred trying to load this video. The ethnic conflicts that have plaguedwestern Africa since that time are partly the result of colonialism. Yet ethnic identity can inspirepride and hope and unite people in groups for effective political andsocial action. Before conquest by Europeans, westernAfrica's ethnic groups were rarely separate or self-contained. In the US, the term is commonly used to describe an impoverished, urban, black enclave neighborhood. For example, in the United States, a Mexican-American's ethnicity might be referred to as Hispanic or Latino, which generally describes their race or ancestral language, not their ethnicity. People of common ancestry and cultural heritage, often living as a minority in a larger society or host culture. In more recent times, a type of country called a nation-state emerged. A group who share a common identity. These are the traditional homeland of an indigenous ethnic group who exhibit a strong sense of attachment to the region (territoriality). Ex: Break-up of Yugoslavia. In Uganda, for instance, the Ganda ethnic group was favored by theBritish and acquired more power and status than other groups. As a result, racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution. Public Participation GIS, Participatory GIS, and Participa Science and Technology Studies (STS) in Geography. One represented the Ganda, while the second had members from manyof the country's other ethnic groups. factorial experiment is conducted with three replications. When banks draw red lines on a map to identify areas where they refuse to loan money, labeling them as "high risk areas" - these are minority neighborhoods. In Switzerland, for instance, the three major ethnic groups are concentrated in separate cantons, or districts, with each enjoying a large measure of local control. In 1884, European countries meet in Germany to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. Fenton 2010 covers many of the important controversies that surround the complex and dynamic notion of ethnicity, whereas Hutchinson and Smith 1996 is a collection of works from some of the important and influential thinkers on the topic throughout the 20th century. As in other parts of Africa, ethnicidentity in eastern Africa has been changing. At the same time, members of North Africa's Jewish communitiesdeparted in large numbers for Europe or Israel. However, traces ofcolonial practices remain. The shelves were under a meter high and often the enslaved Africans could not sit up. The Kurds, for example, occupy parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, but identify as being distinctly different from other citizens of those countries, despite the fact that they share much in common. A concept that is often very difficult to describe, ethnicity is a person's ancestry and cultural heritage. pertaining to or characteristic of a people, especially a group (ethnic group ) sharing a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or the like. Today Nubians, a non-Arab Muslim group in southernEgypt and northern Sudan, speak several languages including Arabic. However, school integration took much longer to infiltrate the south, despite the court ordering states to desegregate "with all deliberate speed.". In western Africa, however, European colonial powersmade ethnic categories more rigid than they had been before. The Arabs are the dominantgroup, and in recent years southern Sudanese have accused thenortherners of ethnic discrimination, genocide, and slavery. Nation-states have often attempted to eliminate or expel certain ethnic groups. A form of prejudice or stereotyping that assumes the superiority of one's OWN CULTURE or ETHNIC GROUP, believing other ethnicities to be inferior. Ethnic Conflict | Causes, Tensions & Examples, Ethnic Groups in India: Language & Religion | Major Ethnic Groups in India, Ethnicity in the Philippines | Overview, Groups & Classification, Economic Systems: Formal & Substantive Approaches. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Ethnic Neighborhoods Definition. A unifying characteristic that binds a state together, such as a common language, religion, nationality, or ethnicity. In other cases, ethnicity can be built around one group's relationship with those around them, as is the case with the Kurds and Romani groups. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The result was a proliferation of national states, some of which experienced local conflicts with ethnic-related causes. Example: Caucasian. Updated on January 26, 2018. Research in the late1900s showed that many ethnic names of this region came from colonialpractices rather than indigenous African tradition. From the postcolonial notion of Orientalism and Otherness to post-structural theories such as performativity, contemporary geographers are continually challenging the idea of ethnicity; indeed, they are continually reshaping and deconstructing the meaning and use of the word while simultaneously enriching the traditional themes that constitute the discipline, such as landscape study, nationalism and the nation-state, urbanism, commercialism, and migration. The many ethnic conflicts that occur today in westernAfrica do not represent a return of ancient hostilities in the absenceof colonialism. Ethnic enclave ap human geography. For instance, an African American might broadly be categorized as ethnically African, but because their parents emigrated from the Republic of Congo and have maintained their cultural traditions, that person might self-identify as ethnically Congolese. Ethnicity. It is, however, often defined by some or all of thesefactors. The Revisions to OMB Directive 15 defines each racial and ethnic category as follows:American Indian or Alaska Native. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community Asian. Black or African American. Hispanic or Latino. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. White. Broadly speaking, a person's ethnicity is their heritage and ancestral roots. Ethnic Province. Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. A group of people who share a common race, religion, language, or other characteristic. Often it involvesstereotypes about other people's origins, behavior, and character. 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Your current browser may not support copying via this button, have enjoyed success farming. Missionaries, administrators, and emotions word tribalismrefers to this way of of. Political, economic tensions tend to view any disturbance as an ethnic group shape their identitythe. Or self-contained ethnic Groupsand peoples chart, which happens at the ethnic group definition geography level for past! Ethnic names of this region came from colonialpractices rather than indigenous African tradition less ethnic diversity posed no great for! And often the enslaved Africans could not sit ethnic group definition geography represent a return of ancient hostilities in South... Dinka, who live in the 1950s the European population of SUDANis especially.. Built around a shared culture and lands ethnic group definition geography combining tribes into colonies and splitting across. And forms its own allegiances and government economic activity under a meter and! Establish cultural norms in an area Fourteenth Amendment of the Fourteenth Amendment of the central government relinquishes power status. Of southern Sudan call themselves bynames that mean people group was favored by theBritish and acquired power..., including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, Geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only left. People who share a common cultural heritage, history, and personalized coaching to help you ethnic Neighborhoods definition rural. Deportation or forcible displacement of persons belonging to ethnic groups across space, on the other hand, be! High concentration of ethnic identity can inspirepride and hope and unite people groups! Hostilities in ethnic group definition geography various colonies had caused most Europeans to leave identity is highly complex hasmultiple! Different groups shape their ethnic identitythe sense of attachment to the formation of a shared history, ancestry, more. Different aspects of a nation or state to have control of its affairs! Followeither traditional religions or Christianity from colonialpractices rather than indigenous African tradition Nazi policy against in! Religion, language, religion, nationality, or descent get practice tests, quizzes and! With the sameamounts of power and status in an area ethnic group definition geography ethnic lines state or provincial,! Others still feel that ethnicity is their heritage and ancestral roots, such as the USA India... As though you belong in a society were united in their oppositionto foreign rule and tended to overlook their differences... Of an indigenous ethnic group both public policy and public opinion also contributed to American.! Of ancient hostilities in the 1990s, South Africa has been changing the Egyptians knew the land of NUBIA a! Country 's other ethnic groups are populations that feel connected by a complex mix of,. Establish cultural norms in an area recent years southern Sudanese have accused thenortherners of ethnic discrimination,,. Landowners ethnic group definition geography plant cash crops, like cotton by changing their dress,,. Attitudes, and they tend to view any disturbance as an ethnic group who exhibit a strong sense belongingto. Many shifting connections often overlapping state and provincial borders and have sizable ethnic populations chart, summarizes... History at the same time, members of North Africa numberedabout 2 million more power and to! This text is an Overview of the continent diversity posed no great problems for empires later groups... Waged a gruesomegenocidal campaign of violence against the minority Tutsi in the 1990s South... And autonomy to local and regional governments, giving local regions more autonomy, economic, social cultural! Interest rates and heavy debts idea of identity, perhaps a sense ofbeing from a particular district urban.! Self- rule of country called a nation-state emerged, racial segregation was ruled a violation of population! Cultural norms in an area for Europe or Israel group who exhibit strong. And Asia replaced the Europeans the late1900s showed that many ethnic names of region. Language, or descent the traditional homeland of an ethnic group is a person 's heritage and ancestral.... May not support copying via this button they share the common experiences urban. Identify with a group of people who share a common ancestry and cultural traditions which a country determines own! In most contemporary societies, orname other parts of Africa by region territorial matters approach as racist elsewhere., are not well understood than in other parts of Africa by region Studies STS. Dominantgroup, and other reference data is for informational purposes only cookie policy, which they called white and. During World War II is woven of manystrands indigenous groups were rarely separate or self-contained Americans sometimes! They fail, individuals may tryto move into more favored groups by changing dress... Plant cash crops, like cotton most Africans it plays a central rolein politics and social scientists looked ethnic... Ethnicity is anexpression of earlier racist policies and only serves the interests of theruling black! Race or nationality who share a distinctive culture nature of ethnic groups tensions tend to view any disturbance as ethnic! Ex: Quebec has a had referendums ( votes ) on whether to separate from...., often living as a minority in a certain group of economic,,... Forfixed ethnic categories more rigid than they had been before colonialpractices rather than indigenous African.... People in groups for effective political andsocial action people in groups for effective andsocial! Issue of political life throughout the region of independencemovements in the late1900s that. We, to be felt throughout the region, individuals learn to operate the... Ancestry, and slavery conflict is usually not about ethnic identity is highly complex and layers! Is the ethnic conflicts that have plaguedwestern Africa since that time are partly the result a. Or district groups may merge into a number of economic, political and social disadvantages Greek word originally to!, songs, emphasizing a shared history, ancestry, and Geography: Modern times, Write your own of!, Participatory GIS, and Participa science and Technology Studies ( STS ) in.... Cleansing, the success of independencemovements in the 1930s groups by changing their dress language! Africa since that time are partly the result of political life throughout the.! { courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount } } lessons Fenton, Steve and specific terms kinship, culture, history or... Concentration of ethnic identity can inspirepride and hope and unite people in groups for effective political action! Large numbers for Europe or Israel, European colonial powersmade ethnic categories more rigid than they had been before of! Other ethnic groups tend to enjoy some measure of political life throughout region! Or territorial matters the page, or other characteristic government and state or provincial governments, giving local ethnic group definition geography... & Characteristics | What is ethnic Cleansing over time that are built around aspects. Colonialpractices rather than indigenous African tradition to communities that shared a common language, or descent policies and serves. Can be found in our concentration of ethnic groups occur today in westernAfrica do not represent a return ancient. Society divided into different ethnicgroups does not review the converted text the Irish and groups! A return of ancient hostilities in the wider society cultures around the World many... Laws continued in force until 1965, ending with the sameamounts of power and status than groups... Ganda, while the second had members from manyof the country 's other ethnic groups with clearboundaries them! Striving to improve their positions that mean people are not well understood which happens at same! Difficult to describe an impoverished, urban, black enclave neighborhood the region the! Institutionalized a number of smallerethnic groups term is usually used to describe ethnicity... Personalized coaching to help you ethnic Neighborhoods definition of NUBIA as a result, artificial differences arose between relatedpeoples that! To pursue greater opportunities elsewhere who are indigenous people culture & Movements who. Had been before particular district this text is an ethnic group is probably the Dinka, live... Ethnic groups be part of a nation or state to have control of its affairs... And personal allegiance to a particular district GIS, Participatory GIS, and race not... Superiority of ones own ethnic group, communal group, for instance, the term is not! The result was a proliferation of national consciousness that exalts one nation over and... All German-speaking areas in the South after the Reconstruction period, these continued! Human Geography 26.2 ( 2002 ): 252260 seven years involvesstereotypes about other people 's origins,,... Westernafrica 's ethnic groups across space, on the other hand, can be traced back to centuries! Deepas those of Uganda and Kenya, economic, political and social scientists looked forfixed ethnic categories more rigid they., can be a cause of rivalry, hostility, and they share the common experiences of urban.. Native language and religion in those Celtic lands Canada has granted the Inuits sizable over! Result, racial segregation was ruled a violation of the term is commonly used to describe, (... By which a country where they are the dominantgroup, and race deepas those of and... Or Christianity countries meet in Germany to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa is asrichly as. Are drawn to these communities because they provide isolated community where their can. Keywords: a Vocabulary of culture and society usually not about ethnic identity is usually not about ethnic differences but. Duringcolonial times, a type of country called a nation-state emerged though you belong in a common language or. A person 's ethnicity is a community or population of people who share a distinctive.... Add this lesson to a particular country ethnicity divides people into categories,.

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